Identifying and Treating Broken Bones in Kids

Children are naturally active and curious, which, while essential for their development, can sometimes lead to injuries such as broken bones, or fractures. Understanding the common causes of these fractures and knowing the appropriate first aid steps are crucial for parents and caregivers to ensure effective management and recovery.

Common Causes of Fractures in Children

Fractures in children often result from various activities and accidents, including:

Falls: Children frequently engage in activities like running, climbing, and jumping, making falls a common cause of fractures.
Sports Injuries: Participation in sports can lead to fractures, especially in contact sports or those requiring repetitive stress on specific bones.
Play Equipment: Trampolines and monkey bars are frequent culprits for fractures in children, often leading to falls that result in broken bones.
Trauma: Accidents such as car or bicycle incidents can result in fractures.
Overuse: Repetitive motions, particularly in sports, can cause stress fractures due to continuous strain on particular bones.
Nutritional Factors: Poor nutrition, including diets low in calcium and vitamin D, can weaken bones, increasing fracture risk.

Recognising Signs and Symptoms of Fractures

Identifying a fracture promptly ensures timely medical intervention. Common signs include:

Pain: Severe pain at the injury site, exacerbated by movement or pressure.
Swelling and Bruising: Noticeable swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the affected area.
Deformity: The injured limb or joint may appear misshapen or out of place.
Impaired Function: Difficulty or inability to move the affected limb or bear weight.
Numbness: Tingling or loss of sensation near the injury site.

Essential First Aid Steps for Suspected Fractures

Immediate and appropriate first aid can significantly impact recovery outcomes. If a fracture is suspected:

Immobilise the Injured Area: Keep the affected limb in the position found. Avoid moving it to prevent further injury.
Apply a Splint: If trained and materials are available, apply a splint to immobilise the joints above and below the fracture site. Use padding to reduce discomfort.
Control Bleeding: For open fractures with bleeding, apply gentle pressure with a sterile bandage or clean cloth.
Apply Ice Packs: Use ice packs wrapped in cloth to reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
Elevate the Limb: If possible, elevate the injured limb above heart level to minimise swelling.
Seek Medical Attention: Transport the child to the nearest emergency department or call emergency services, especially if the injury is severe or involves the head, neck, back, pelvis, or hip.

Preventive Measures

While not all fractures can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:

Ensure Proper Nutrition: Provide a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to strengthen bones.
Encourage Safe Play: Educate children on safe play practices and the importance of using protective gear during sports and recreational activities.
Create a Safe Environment: Implement safety measures at home, such as securing rugs and installing safety gates, to prevent falls, especially for toddlers.

By understanding the common causes of fractures, recognising their signs, and administering appropriate first aid, parents and caregivers can play a pivotal role in ensuring the well-being and swift recovery of children following such injuries.

Written by

Ilana Haseltine Lawrence – RN, MN (Adv Prac Paeds), ACN Cert Immunisation, RTO (AHETI), TAE40122 - Cert IV in Training & Assessment.

Reviewed by

Dr Samual Heitner - Paediatrician, Paediatric Emergency Consultant, Founder - Telebaby, FRACP.